Ennabaoui The Mawlid is celebrated for the first time in Tlemcen, there are seven centuries ago. This historic town retains primacy for the celebration of Mawlid as compared to other cities. Other Maghrebian countries have begun to officially celebrate the event that centuries later, after Algeria. In this interview, anthropologist and researcher, Zaim Khenchelaoui, discusses the history of the celebration of Mawlid in Algeria and in the Muslim world. He also mentioned the firecrackers whose use goes back, he said, time of the Janissaries.
Can we consider today as a celebration mawlid Enabaoui purely religious? The Mawlid
Enabaoui is more than a religious festival. This is the birth certificate of Islam. Without the Mawlid, there would have been no Eid El Fitr, or Eid El Adha. That said, this does not mean that we can consider the Mawlid as a third party in the religious sense. Rather it is a popular celebration, sociocultural and historical but not religious. This is a highlight during which Muslims pay homage to their Prophet. We must therefore agree with speeches skeptics who sow doubt and discord among the faithful that all Algerians are something to do with the institution of this feast in Fatimid Egypt June 11 972.
Since when the Prophet's birthday is it celebrated?
The celebration of the birth of the Prophet of Islam is not officially discussed until the third century of the Hegira. However, some evidence suggests that this historical event was celebrated earlier, but in private by the clan of Banu Hashim in the Hejaz, Yemen, Iraq, Algeria, Tunisia and most likely in Morocco. A private event at which the common people were not allowed to attend.
The evocation of the oldest public commemoration of Mawlid, but not yet official, we refer to the holy place (the house of the Prophet) which opens its doors to the public every Monday of Rabi al-Awwal. According to historians of the 7th century, the day of Mawlid Enabaoui, the faithful do not engage in any business and are eager to visit the birthplace of the Prophet. That day, the Kaaba is opened to the public and visited. For its part, the famous traveler Ibn Battuta the 8th century, confirms this. Still from Ibn Battuta, the supreme judge or Cadi distributes the day of the Mawlid, food to descendants of the Prophet and all the inhabitants of Mecca.
When is the Mawlid is celebrated officially?
The formalization of the celebration of Mawlid Enabaoui took place in Cairo, Egypt, on 8 Rabi 'al-Awwal in the year 362 H (973). Canon but the date of this celebration is fixed permanently on 12 Rabi al-Awwal.
However, there are indications that the Fatimid have initiated this festival when they were in North Africa in the time of Imam 'Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi, his son al-bi Amrillah Qâ'm, his grand-son al-Mansur Billah and a part of the reign of Caliph al-Din Allah Mu'izz li.
That is to say the period ranging from 909 to 972, before it decides to transfer the seat of the caliphate in Egypt. This would advance the date of Mawlid in the third century AH. The Fatimids, who were descendants of the Prophet through his daughter Fatima, officially celebrating the birth of the Prophet first prescription official state just after the transfer of the imperial court in In Egypt since Ikjane Petite Kabylie - Algeria - after a passage through Mahdiyya Kairouan in Tunisia.
This presupposes that the celebration was practiced very probably in the family descendants of the Prophet before its institutionalization in Egypt in the fourth century AH (tenth century AD). It is native to the famous chronicler of Cairo al-Maqrizi (1364-1442) Description of Mawlid valuable as it was celebrated time of the Fatimids.
After the fall of the Fatimids in 1170, there would have been a first attempt to formalize the Mawlid among Sunnis in Syria in the twelfth century. But the practice of this celebration was quickly halted as both Syria and Egypt by the Ayyubid dynasty that came to overthrow the Fatimids and pledge allegiance to the caliph of Baghdad. The Mawlid became once again an event limited to family circles and closed settings.
But it was formalized
again ... In fact, it has regained its status as an official event again in 1207 in a town near Mosul, Iraq. In fact, thanks to a Kurdish Sufi named Omar Ibn Muhammad al-Mulla today we have the privilege of celebrating the Mawlid. Ibn Kathir has described in his Chronicle Universal how we celebrated the Mouloud in the court of the king of Irbil, which organized a grand ceremony in the month of Rabi 'al-Awwal. It was spread on a sheet 5000 roasted sheep, 10,000 chickens, 100,000 cups creams, 30 dishes of cakes ... He organized a concert for the spiritual and Sufi dancing with them from early afternoon until dawn.
Early in the month of Safar, they began to give the most beautiful decorative domes. Under each dome stood a group of musicians. During this period, people were unemployed and had no other occupation than to come watch partygoers and turn around them [...].
Two days before the Mawlid, the king was accompanied camels, oxen and sheep drumming, singing and entertainment acts, advancing the procession to the square. On the night of the ceremony, he organized a concert at the Citadel after the sunset prayer. In 1910, Mawlid obtained the official status of a national festival throughout the Ottoman Empire.
Today the Mawlid is a holiday in all Muslim countries. Ironically, the only country where the Mawlid is not officially celebrated, is the country who was born the Prophet. The Ministry of Religious Affairs considers this celebration as foreign to Islam.
Since when does one celebrates the Mawlid in Algeria?
Barely a century after its reintroduction in the East, the Mawlid is officially celebrated in the Maghreb. It is celebrated for the first time in the town of Tlemcen. Authors argue that the first monarch who would officially celebrated the Mawlid in the western part of Islam would be the Sultan Abu Ziyanid Hammou. One can read these stories valuable passages where it presents us with the splendor of Mawlid as was celebrated at machwar Tlemcen, seven centuries ago that!
be noted that the celebration "official" Mawlid in Tunisia is very late compared to Algeria and began barely a century since it was only in the nineteenth century it was celebrated. In Morocco, this feast was introduced for the first time in 1292. But we do not know if she had the same degree as Tlemcen official who keeps the historical primacy for the Maghreb like Erbil for Mashreq.
Each region in Algeria celebrates the Mawlid in its own way. Why This difference in tradition?
It is natural, even beneficial, to raise all this cultural diversity that generous heart of Islam was able to accommodate and integrate with respect and brotherhood. Islam recognizes the cultural specificities of peoples and nations who profess it. It is a divine message announced to all humanity with its languages and cultures and varied. Therefore, it is quite normal that we were celebrating the Mawlid Algeria differently than our fellow Indian or Chinese.
Even within our country, we are celebrating the Mawlid differently depending on expressions cultural context of each region. Reflecting our cultural wealth. That said, the Mawlid in Algeria remains quite characteristic of our collective psychology. As such, we can say that it is a celebration of our home.
How did we get to celebrate with firecrackers? Before
, firecrackers were "made in Algeria" and were less aggressive today. Their manufacture was done in Belcourt. This practice probably dates to the Janissaries. It was to express a moment of joy that these lights are taken to heaven. They say the light comes down from heaven but on this day blessed when the light goes up there as a sign of loyalty to the pact that binds the Algerians to their faith.
use firecrackers she puts into question the symbolism of the Mawlid?
Not at all. On the contrary. It is the festival of lights should be protected by law and save the risk of extinction. It is in the vitality of our cultural heritage. I would say it is just enough to frame these practices which have, perhaps, seem to run into anarchy. We must never ban a cultural practice established by history and confirmed by the people.
Why does one famous Mawlid today?
This practice recalls the birth of the Prophet. The Mawlid is a kind of ritual recapitulation Arab la'aqîqa which was celebrated in his honor by his grandfather Abd al-Muttalib. In other words, the Mawlid is a sacred time of the catch, one that marks the birth of one who will be king of the world. This event saving, long foretold by the prophets, not just lived but celebrated here and now. It's time to stop or return to point zero, that is to say at the beginning and the origin of our destiny in time heirs of his divine message.
So a highlight, a moment of beauty and truth that challenges us deep in our consciousness. It is, moreover, the anthropological interpretation that can provide delectable flavors of traditional dish of temmina that our mothers and grandmothers rush to prepare with love and devotion in the morning in honor of Mouloud Our Lady Amina, as if it had just given birth to the child-blessed. It is a symbolic representation of birth, not as an event which took place in a time past, but rather as an event That's the magic of the holiday like no other.
Far from being a mere memory of the past, Mouloud has the character of this event. So-blessed child that is born is celebrated each year in every Algerian family.
Source: Horizon
Score Algeria News:
We strongly recommend you read the book Zaim Khenchelaoui "mystical imagery in the Algerian folklore", which is essential to understand the symbolism of Algeria.
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